Explain Zero-Trust Networking Basics.

Zero Trust networking is a security model that assumes no device, user, or request is trusted by default and requires verification every time before granting access.

When to Use

Zero Trust is most useful in cloud-first systems, remote work environments, and organizations handling sensitive data like healthcare or finance. It’s also key for modern microservices architectures where traffic flows across distributed systems.

Example

Think of it like entering a secure building: you show your ID at every door, not just the front gate. Zero Trust works the same way for every request.

Want to go deeper?

Explore:

• Grokking System Design Fundamentals
• Grokking the System Design Interview
• Grokking Database Fundamentals for Tech Interviews or Mock Interviews with ex-FAANG engineers

Why Is It Important

Zero Trust limits the blast radius of attacks. Even if one account is compromised, the attacker can’t freely move inside the network. This model adapts well to today’s hybrid and distributed systems.

Interview Tips

Emphasize the mantra: “never trust, always verify.” Use a simple scenario like cloud apps requiring re-authentication to show practical understanding.

Trade-offs

You gain stronger security and control, but at the cost of convenience and more infrastructure complexity.

Pitfalls

A common mistake is assuming Zero Trust is a single product. It’s actually an ongoing strategy requiring continuous monitoring, policy updates, and user education.