What is cout in C++?

In C++, cout stands for "character output" and is an object of the ostream class, which is part of the iostream library. It is used to display output to the standard output stream, typically the console. cout is often used in combination with the insertion operator (<<) to send data to the output stream.

Example of `cout` Usage:

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
    cout << "Hello, World!" << endl;  // Outputs "Hello, World!" to the console
    return 0;
}

Key Features of `cout`:

Output Data: cout sends the provided data to the console. You can print variables, strings, or expressions using the insertion operator.
```
int num = 10;
cout << "The number is: " << num << endl;  // Outputs: The number is: 10
```
Multiple Insertions: You can chain multiple << operators to display multiple values in one line.
```
cout << "Sum: " << 5 + 10 << ", Product: " << 5 * 10 << endl;
```
Formatted Output: You can control the formatting of the output using manipulators like setw, setprecision, or endl for more advanced formatting.

Advantages of `cout`:

Simple and Intuitive: Easy to use for printing output to the console.
Type-Safe: cout automatically handles different data types without requiring explicit conversion.
Part of Standard Library: It is included in the standard C++ library, so no additional setup is required for basic console output.