Grokking Graph Algorithms for Coding Interviews
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Word Ladder (hard)
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Problem Statement

A transformation sequence is a sequence that starts from the word beginWord, ends with endWord, and contains a word from the given dictionary wordList in the middle i.e. a sequence of words beginWord -> s1 -> s2 -> ... -> sk such that:

  • Each adjacent pair of words differs by a single letter.
  • Each si for 1 <= i <= k is in wordList. sk == endWord
  • The beginWord does not need to be in wordList.

Given two strings, beginWord and endWord, and a wordList, return the number of words in the shortest transformation sequence from beginWord to endWord, or -1 if no such sequence exists.

Examples

  • Example 1:

    • Input: startWord = "bit", endWord = "pog", wordList = ["but", "put", "pig", "pog", "big"]
    • Expected Output: 4
    • Justification: The shortest transformation sequenc is "bit" -> "big" -> "pig" -> "pog", which has 4 words.

  • Example 2:

    • Input: startWord = "cat", endWord = "dog", wordList = ["cot", "dot", "dog"]
    • Expected Output: 4
    • Justification: The shortest transformation sequenc is "cat" -> "cot" -> "dot" -> "dog", which has 4 words.

  • Example 3:

    • Input: startWord = "sing", endWord = "ring", wordList = ["ring"]
    • Expected Output: 2
    • Justification: The shortest transformation sequenc is "sing" -> "ring", which has 2 words.

Constraints:

  • 1 <= beginWord.length <= 10
  • endWord.length == beginWord.length
  • 1 <= wordList.length <= 5000
  • wordList[i].length == beginWord.length
  • beginWord, endWord, and wordList[i] consist of lowercase English letters.
  • beginWord != endWord
  • All the words in wordList are unique.

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Python3
Python3
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On this page

Problem Statement

Examples

Try it yourself