In modern software systems – especially those built with microservices or distributed architectures – applications often need to call external services (like other microservices, databases, or APIs). These remote calls come with the risk of failures or slow responses. If a service becomes unresponsive and the application keeps calling it, the results can be disastrous: requests pile up, threads hang, and eventually the failure cascades into a wider outage. The Circuit Breaker Pattern is a design pattern that addresses this problem by improving system resilience and fault tolerance