Relational Database Design and Modeling for Software Engineers
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Inference Rules for Functional Dependencies
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Inference rules, also known as Armstrong’s Axioms, are foundational rules used to derive all possible functional dependencies from a given set of dependencies in a relational database. These rules—Reflexivity, Augmentation, and Transitivity—are essential for understanding and organizing functional dependencies effectively, which aids in database normalization and minimizes redundancy.

Let’s go through these three main rules with examples and tables based on a Student database.

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