The Dependency Inversion Principle (DIP) can be applied in various ways to create flexible and maintainable software architectures. Let’s look at some real-world scenarios where DIP is commonly used, demonstrating how high-level and low-level modules can be decoupled using abstractions.

1. Dependency Injection

Dependency Injection (DI) is one of the most popular ways to apply DIP. It involves providing the dependencies (i.e., low-level modules) to a class from the outside rather than having the class create its own dependencies