The Dependency Inversion Principle (DIP) is the final principle in the SOLID design principles. It states:

"High-level modules should not depend on low-level modules. Both should depend on abstractions."

"Abstractions should not depend on details; details should depend on abstractions."

These statements emphasize that software design should prioritize flexibility and decoupling by ensuring that high-level policies are not directly tied to low-level implementation details. Both high-level and low-level modules should rely on abstractions (e.g