MySQL provides several aggregate functions that allow you to perform calculations on sets of data within a table. These functions are often used in conjunction with the GROUP BY clause to operate on groups of rows.

Here's a breakdown of some commonly used aggregate functions:

1. COUNT()

The COUNT() function is used to count the number of rows in a set, satisfying a given condition.

Syntax:

SELECT COUNT(student_id) FROM students;

This query gives the total count of student in the student table.

2. SUM()

The SUM() function calculates the sum of values in a numeric column.

Syntax:

SELECT SUM(grade) FROM students;

This query gives the total grade of all student in the student table.

3. AVG()

The AVG() function calculates the average of values in a numeric column.

Syntax:

SELECT AVG(grade) FROM students;

This query gives the average grade among students.

4. MIN()

The MIN() function returns the minimum value in a set of values.

Syntax:

SELECT MIN(age) FROM students;

This query gives the minimum age among students.

5. MAX()

The MAX() function returns the maximum value in a set of values.

Syntax:

SELECT MAX(grade) FROM students;

This query gives the maximum grade among students.