Grokking System Design Fundamentals
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Ricardo Franco
Forwarding resolver

Ricardo Franco

Nov 23, 2023

Forwarding resolver: A forwarding resolver forwards DNS queries to another resolver, which is typically a caching resolver, instead of contacting DNS servers directly. This setup allows for better control, security, and performance.

Who is the caching resolver? the resolver initiating the request or the resolver receiving the request?

If the receiver is the caching resolver, then what is the role of the forwarding resolver? What benefits does it add to the system?

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Design Gurus
Design Gurus10 months ago

Hi,

We have added more details to explain the interaction between different resolvers better. Please take a look.

On this page

What is DNS (Domain Name System)?

Purpose and Importance of DNS

DNS Components and Terminology

  1. Domain names, TLDs (Top-Level Domains), and subdomains
  1. DNS servers: Root, TLD, and Authoritative Name Servers
  1. DNS resolvers

The DNS Lookup Process in Brief

  1. Stub Resolver
  1. Recursive Resolver
  1. Caching-Only Resolver
  1. Forwarder
  1. Iterative (Non-Recursive) Resolver

Example

Visualizing the DNS Resolution Chain

Putting It All Together

Real-World Example Scenario