Grokking System Design Fundamentals
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What is Encryption?
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Encryption in software systems is like sending a secret letter where the message is scrambled into a code. Only someone with the right key can read it. It's a method to protect data by making it unreadable to unauthorized users.

  • Basic Concept: Encryption transforms readable data (plaintext) into a scrambled, unreadable format (ciphertext). To turn it back into readable form, you need the correct decryption key.

  • Types of Encryption:

    1. Symmetric Encryption: Uses the same key for encrypting and decrypting data. Think of it as a lock and key system where the same key locks and unlocks the box.
    2. Asymmetric Encryption: Uses two different keys – a public key for encryption and a private key for decryption. It's like having a public mailbox where anyone can drop a message (public key), but only you have the key to open it (private key).

  • Why It's Used:

    • Data Security: To protect sensitive data like passwords, credit card numbers, or confidential communications.
    • Privacy: Ensures that private conversations or information stay private.
    • Integrity: By encrypting data, it helps in verifying that the data has not been altered during transmission.

  • Where It's Used:

    • Secure Websites: HTTPS uses encryption to secure the data transmitted between your browser and the website.
    • Online Payments: Encryption protects your financial details when you buy something online.
    • Emails and Messaging: Services use encryption to keep your messages secure.

  • Challenges:

    • Key Management: Keeping the encryption keys safe is crucial. If someone gets the key, they can decrypt your data.
    • Performance: Encryption can slow down systems because it takes time to encrypt and decrypt data.
    • Complexity: Implementing and managing encryption strategies can be complex.

Encryption is a fundamental aspect of cybersecurity, acting as a critical barrier against data breaches and cyber attacks. It's like having a secret language that only you and the intended recipient understand, keeping your information safe from prying eyes.

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