Grokking the System Design Interview, Volume II
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Criticism on GFS

GFS has run in production long enough for two of its founding choices to show real costs. Here we look at what a single master and a large chunk size cost as usage grew.

Problems associated with single master

As GFS has grown, two problems with the single-master design have shown up.

GFS already separates control flow, the metadata operations, from data flow. Data flow is the actual bytes moving between clients and ChunkServers. Even so, the master is turning into a bottleneck. As the number of clients grows, one master does not have enough CPU to serve them all.

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