Grokking the System Design Interview, Volume II
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Fault Tolerance, High Availability, and Data Integrity

GFS has to keep serving files when a machine fails, not just when everything works. This lesson looks at how it recovers fast, replicates chunks for availability, and checks data integrity with checksums.

Fault tolerance

GFS uses two strategies to stay fault-tolerant and available:

  1. Fast recovery when a component fails.
  2. Replication for high availability.

Here is how each one plays out, starting with what happens when the master or a replica fails.

Master failure. The master is a single point of failure

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