Grokking the System Design Interview, Volume II
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Gmail: Database Design

Step 6: Database Design

The high-level design named a metadata store and a blob store. It never said what each one actually is. This step picks the real systems behind those names. It explains why each choice fits the data it holds.

Email Storage Model

Billions of emails will not fit in one store. So we split storage into three parts: a metadata store, a document store, and an object store.

Before we choose technologies, we name the two kinds of data those stores hold. Structured data is small facts about users and emails, like the sender and the date sent

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