Grokking the System Design Interview, Volume II
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Gmail: Detailed Component Design

Step 7: Detailed Component Design

Caching Layer

To ensure low latency for common operations, we add caching:

  • In-Memory Cache for Metadata: Recently accessed emails or user mailbox info could be cached. For example, when a user’s inbox is fetched, cache the list of the latest N message headers. If the user refreshes or another device requests it soon, it can be served from cache. We might use a distributed cache like Memcached or Redis for this.

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