Grokking the System Design Interview, Volume II
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Gmail: High-Level Design

Step 5: High-Level System Design

At a high level, the email service will use a distributed, microservices-based architecture. Different components handle different functions (sending mail, storing mail, searching, spam filtering, etc.), and they communicate over well-defined APIs. Below are the major components and an overview of how an email flows through the system:

Major Components:

  • API Gateway / Load Balancers: Entry point for all client connections

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