Grokking the System Design Interview, Volume II
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Step 8: Scalability and Performance
Alice opens her inbox, searches for an invoice, and labels a message. Every one of those actions names one mailbox, hers. Almost every operation in this system works the same way, and that property lets the design divide a billion users into independent slices. Five problems remain, and each has its own answer:
- A billion mailboxes do not fit on any one group of servers.
- Reads outnumber writes ten to one, so most reads must avoid the database.
- Slow work, like indexing and outbound delivery, must stay out of the request. 4
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