Grokking the System Design Interview, Volume II
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SSTable

We've named the pieces of a BigTable cluster, including SSTable and GFS. Now we look at how a Tablet, one contiguous range of a table's rows, is actually stored inside those SSTable files.

How are Tablets stored in GFS?

BigTable stores its data as files on the Google File System (GFS), a persistent, distributed file storage system. The file format it uses for those files is called an SSTable. An SSTable is a persisted, ordered map from keys to values, where both the keys and the values are arbitrary byte strings.

Each Tablet is stored in GFS as a sequence of SSTable files

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