Grokking the System Design Interview
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Which of the following scenarios is better suited for a SQL database?
A
A social media application with diverse and unpredictable user-generated content.
B
A banking application requiring transactional consistency.
C
A large-scale IoT application requiring high write throughput.
D
A real-time analytics application with high volume and velocity of data.
Which type of database is more suitable for a scenario requiring horizontal scalability?
A
SQL
B
NoSQL
C
Both SQL and NoSQL
D
Neither SQL nor NoSQL
For an application that requires complex query and aggregation operations, which type of database is more appropriate?
A
SQL
B
NoSQL
C
Both SQL and NoSQL
D
Neither SQL nor NoSQL
What is the primary purpose of the Domain Name System (DNS)?
A
Encrypting web traffic
B
Compressing web content
C
Translating domain names to IP addresses
D
Routing email messages
Which DNS server holds the actual DNS records for a domain?
A
Root server
B
TLD server
C
Authoritative name server
D
DNS resolver
What is the Time To Live (TTL) in a DNS record?
A
The time a DNS record is stored in the cache before being removed
B
The time it takes for a DNS query to reach the server
C
The time it takes for a DNS server to process a query
D
The time it takes for a DNS query to travel across the internet
Which technique allows multiple servers to share the same IP address and routes users to the nearest server based on network latency and server availability?
A
Round-robin DNS
B
Geographically distributed DNS servers
C
Content Delivery Networks (CDNs)
D
Anycast routing
What is the primary purpose of caching in computer systems?
A
To encrypt data
B
To store data temporarily for faster access
C
To permanently store data
D
To compress data
Which of the following is NOT a common type of cache?
A
CPU cache
B
Browser cache
C
Disk cache
D
Time cache
What is the primary downside of caching?
A
Increased security risk
B
Increased storage space requirements
C
The potential for serving outdated or stale data
D
Slower access to data
Which cache replacement policy removes the item that has not been accessed for the longest time?
A
Least Recently Used (LRU)
B
First In, First Out (FIFO)
C
Most Recently Used (MRU)
D
Random Replacement (RR)
What is a Content Delivery Network (CDN) cache primarily used for?
A
Storing data on the user's local device
B
Reducing the load on the main server by distributing content across multiple servers
C
Storing frequently accessed files on a single server
D
Encrypting data before it is sent across the internet
In caching, what does "cache hit" mean?
A
The process of loading data into the cache
B
An error that occurs when the cache is full
C
When the requested data is found in the cache
D
When the requested data is not found in the cache
Which of the following is NOT a benefit provided by proxy servers?
A
Accelerating web page loading times through caching
B
Improving network security by filtering malicious content
C
Bypassing network restrictions or geolocation-based content blocking
D
Increasing storage capacity on client devices
Which type of proxy is commonly used to provide anonymity and protect users' privacy?
A
Transparent proxy
B
Reverse proxy
C
Forward proxy
D
Caching proxy
In horizontal partitioning, how is data typically divided among nodes?
A
By rows
B
By columns
C
By tables
D
By databases
What is the main advantage of vertical partitioning?
A
It reduces the size of the data stored on each node
B
It improves query performance by storing related columns together
C
It distributes load evenly across all nodes in the system
D
It encrypts data before storing it
Which of the following is a characteristic of Bloom filters?
A
They provide a definitive answer for set membership
B
They can produce false positives
C
They produce false negatives
D
They require a large amount of memory
In a Bloom filter, what is the purpose of using multiple hash functions?
A
To compress data
B
To reduce the likelihood of false positives
C
To increase the likelihood of false positives
D
To encrypt data
Which of the following is an advantage of using a distributed messaging queue in a system?
A
Reduced latency for all operations
B
Guaranteed message delivery in all cases
C
Improved fault tolerance and system resilience
D
Total elimination of data loss

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