In TypeScript, getters and setters are special methods that allow controlled access to an object's properties. They help in implementing encapsulation, which is a fundamental principle of object-oriented programming. Instead of exposing properties directly, getters and setters provide a way to retrieve and update values while applying additional logic such as validation, formatting, or computed properties.

By using getters and setters, object properties are accessed and modified in a controlled manner, reducing the risk of unintended data modifications and improving code maintainability.