Scalability is the ability of a system to handle an increasing workload, either by adding more resources (scaling out) or by upgrading the capacity of existing resources (scaling up). In distributed systems, scalability is essential to ensure that the system can effectively manage the growing demands of users, data, and processing power. Here's an overview of the different aspects of scalability:

A. Horizontal Scaling

Horizontal scaling, also known as scaling out, involves adding more machines or nodes to a system to distribute the workload evenly