System Design Patterns: From Fundamentals to Real Systems

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Distributed Tracing

1. The Incident

The ticket reads: "checkout is slow. Sometimes." The p99 says 4.2 seconds: for a flow that budgets 800 ms: but only for some requests, at some times, with no pattern anyone can name.

A checkout touches twelve services across forty-plus calls: gateway, BFF, checkout, inventory, payment, fraud, pricing, and friends. So the investigation begins the only way it can: twelve engineers' worth of log files, grepped in parallel. And every service's logs tell the same story: "I was fast." Checkout's logs show checkout doing its work in 8 ms

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