System Design Patterns: From Fundamentals to Real Systems
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Blue-Green Deployment

1. The Pattern

Run two identical production environments. Blue is live and green is idle. Deploy the new version to green. Verify it against real infrastructure while it serves nobody. Then switch the router, and all traffic moves to green in seconds. Rollback is the same switch, backwards.

This pattern cures two problems.

Rollback speed. With in-place deploys, "undo" means building and shipping the previous version again. That is CI, artifacts, and rollout: 15 to 25 minutes of outage, while you already know the fix. This violates the module introduction's Fact 2

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