System Design Patterns: From Fundamentals to Real Systems

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Circuit Breaker

1. The Incident

It's 2:15 PM on Black Friday. Your checkout page calls a recommendation service to show "customers also bought" items. A nice-to-have widget. Nobody's purchase depends on it.

At 2:15, the recommendation service's database starts choking. Queries that took 20 ms now take 30 seconds, or never return at all.

Here's the part that surprises people: the recommendation service doesn't take down recommendations. It takes down checkout.

Why? Run the Timeout lesson's math again. Your checkout API has 200 threads

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