System Design Patterns: From Fundamentals to Real Systems
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Design 1 - The News Feed

"Design a social feed: users follow each other, post updates, and see a feed of recent posts from accounts they follow."

1. Requirements and Numbers

Pause. Ask your clarifying questions and run the arithmetic before reading.

The questions that matter. How many users? 100M daily actives. Chronological or ranked? Start chronological; ranking is a follow-up. Follower distribution? Median 200, celebrities up to 50M. This answer is the whole design. Freshness SLO? A post should appear in followers' feeds within about 10 seconds. SLO means service level objective, a promised target.

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