System Design Patterns: From Fundamentals to Real Systems

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Design 1 - The News Feed

Design: The News Feed

"Design a social feed: users follow each other, post updates, and see a feed of recent posts from accounts they follow."

1. Requirements and Numbers

Pause. Ask your clarifying questions and run the arithmetic before reading.

The questions that matter: How many users? (100M daily actives.) Feed content: chronological or ranked? (Start chronological; ranking is a follow-up.) Follower distribution? (Median 200; celebrities up to 50M: this answer is the whole design.) Freshness SLO? (A post should appear in followers' feeds within ~10 seconds.)

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